Nouveaux traitements topiques administrés par voie intranasale dans la prise en charge de la rhinite allergique
Résumé
La rhinite allergique (RA) est l’une des affections immunologiques les plus courantes chez les adultes. Sa prévalence a augmenté au cours des dernières décennies et varie entre 10 et 40 % selon la situation géographique. On estime qu’elle touche jusqu’à 25 % de la population adulte canadienne. Elle est définie comme un processus inflammatoire médié par les IgE affectant la muqueuse nasale chez un individu préalablement sensibilisé. Lorsqu’un patient atopique est exposé à un allergène, il développe des anticorps IgE spécifiques qui se fixent sur les mastocytes. La réexposition à cet allergène entraîne deux phases distinctes d’inflammation : une phase précoce se produisant au bout de quelques minutes, due à la dégranulation des mastocytes qui provoque des démangeaisons, une congestion et un écoulement nasal; et une phase tardive se produisant après plusieurs heures, due à l’activation des éosinophiles qui entraîne une production accrue de mucus, une obstruction nasale et une hyposmie.
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