Similitudes, traitements émergents et fardeau des maladies à lymphocytes T auxiliaires de type 2
Résumé
Né en 470 avant J.-C., Socrate était un philosophe de la Grèce antique considéré comme le premier philosophe de la morale, et le fondateur de la pensée éthique occidentale. Selon Platon, les contemporains de Socrate l’appelaient atopos, qui veut généralement dire « bizarre » ou « absurde », mais qui signifie littéralement « déplacé », « sans lieu » ou insaisissable pour ses pensées et idées nuancées. Et 2300 ans plus tard, le terme « atopie » désigne un ensemble de maladies atopiques : dermatite atopique (DA), asthme allergique (AA), rhume des foins, allergie alimentaire et rhinite allergique (RA).
À la fin du XIXe siècle, les scientifiques ont remarqué que les réponses immunitaires provoquent des réactions indésirables dans des cas précis. Le concept selon lequel des réponses immunitaires sont à l’origine de certaines maladies semblait inconciliable avec celui de la fonction protectrice de l’immunité; c’est pourquoi ces maladies ont été appelées « réactions d’hypersensibilité ». Chez l’humain, certaines maladies appartenant au groupe des réactions d’hypersensibilité, aujourd’hui appelées allergies, ont finalement été classées au début du XXe siècle.
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